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Even with an uptick in number, women in top district roles still face a range of gender-based challenges

Women have successfully and heroically run America鈥檚 public school systems for more than a century. Female superintendent pioneers like Ella Flagg Young in Chicago and Susan Miller Dorsey in Los Angeles were brilliant scholars and practitioners who defined, in the early 1900s, what teaching, learning and leadership were all about.

During World War II, a group of women also stepped up to run America鈥檚 school systems. One such courageous leader was Gladys Potter, who successfully ran the Long Beach, Calif., school system for the entirety of the war 鈥� but could not be called 鈥渟uperintendent.鈥�

At that time, the then 鈥淲ar Department鈥� mandated that male public employees called into active duty could not be replaced. So deputy superintendent Potter and a host of other outstanding women around the country heroically ran school systems without being called superintendent. In many cases, once the war was over, they returned quietly to subordinate cabinet posts, having proved on a daily basis that they were remarkably capable of occupying the top job.